Study Links Anesthesia To Learning Disabilities

Fri Mar 27 13:27:41 PDT 2009

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	RESEARCH
Study Links Anesthesia To Learning Disabilities

Enzymes Link Brain Injury To Alzheimer's Disease

Scientists Find Safer Way To Make Human Stem Cells

PUBLIC HEALTH
Vaccine Refusals Spur Outbreak Fears

Religious Sincerity Challenges on Long Island

Tufts U. Puts Limit on Discussion of Conflicts of Interest

Psychiatrists Say No to Drug-Company Events at Their Annual Meeting

TREATMENT
Approval Process Lowers The Number of Kids On Atypical Prescriptions

PEOPLE
North Texas Mom Says Son 'Recovered' From Autism

MEDIA
Olmsted on Autism One Radio: Somali's Tell Their Story -- And Blast The NYT

EVENTS
"Open Your Eyes To Autism" – UK Rally
World Autism Awareness Day April 2

COMMENTARY
Autism, Love, and Revolution 	

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RESEARCH

Study Links Anesthesia To Learning Disabilities

By Joseph Shapiro on npr.org.  is.gd/pi1V

      Children who have had multiple surgeries under general anesthesia by
the age of 4 may be at a higher risk of developing learning disabilities,
according to a new study by scientists at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester,
Minn.
      Dr. Robert Wilder, a Mayo Clinic anesthesiologist, says his study was
motivated by recent research on baby rats and other young animals. Those
studies, conducted in the last several years, show that exposure to
anesthesia at a very young age can kill off brain cells. But results in
rodents don't necessarily translate to humans.
      "The initial reaction of the pediatric anesthesia community was, 'This
must be wrong, we've been giving anesthetics to kids for years and we don't
see a big problem,"' Wilder says. He, too, was skeptical.
      The Mayo Clinic sits in Olmsted County. Both the research clinic and
the county have kept precise records on the health care and hospitalization
of its residents. Wilder sorted through the records of more than 5,000
children. About 600 of them had one or more surgeries with a general
anesthesia, a class of drugs that enters the blood stream, reaches the brain
and leaves a patient in a state of unconsciousness. Local anesthesia (like
what's used by dentists when filling a cavity) and regional anesthesia (like
an epidural that's common during childbirth) numb just a part of the body,
but don't cause the patient to lose consciousness.
      The surgeries ranged from those for serious problems, like open heart
surgery, to more routine ones, like putting in ear tubes or removing
adenoids and tonsils. Most of the kids in the study — about 80 percent — had
surgeries for the small and common problems.
      Wilder found that children who had undergone a single operation with a
general anesthetic by the time they turned 4 were no more likely than other
children to develop a learning disability.
      But kids who had had two surgeries were one and a half times more at
risk. And for children who had undergone three operations, the risk went up
to two and a half times. Of the kids in Wilder's study who had had three or
more operations, 50 percent of them later developed a learning disability.
+ Read more: is.gd/pi1V

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• • •

Enzymes Link Brain Injury 
To Alzheimer's Disease

      By David Douglas, Reuters Health is.gd/pic7

      It's known that people who suffer a brain injury have a
higher-than-normal risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, and now lab
experiments suggest a reason why.
      Alzheimer's disease is associated with accumulations of an abnormal
protein, amyloid beta, in the brain. Traumatic brain injury triggers
accumulation of enzymes required for production of amyloid-beta, researchers
from Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, DC, report in the
research journal Nature Medicine.
      "Past research has shown that traumatic brain injury is a risk factor
for developing Alzheimer's disease -- AD -- in later life," Dr. Mark P.
Burns explained to Reuters Health. Many autopsies of brains of people who
suffered a traumatic brain injury "have amyloid deposits similar to those
seen in AD."
      He added, "We have shown that a biochemical pathway that is active
long-term in AD is activated short term in the days immediately following
traumatic brain injury."
      Burns and his colleagues found that blocking the enzymes in this
pathway reduced the effects of brain injury in mice. "We found we could
dramatically reduce the amount of brain damage that occurred," he said.
"This led to a large reduction in physical disability, and a reversal of the
learning problems that occurred after brain injury."
      "As there is currently no treatment for traumatic brain injury," Burns
concluded, "our research identifies new targets for drug therapy."
      Furthermore, the drugs that inhibit the enzymes involved in amyloid
beta production "are currently under evaluation in AD clinical trials, so
could be quickly made available for traumatic brain injury clinical trials."
      SOURCE: Nature Medicine, online March 15, 2009.

• • •

Scientists Find Safer Way To Make 
Human Stem Cells

      By Julie Steenhuysen for Reuters Health. is.gd/pidZ

      U.S. researchers said on Thursday they have found a safer way to coax
human skin cells into becoming powerful embryonic-like stem cells, taking a
step closer to their potential use as treatments for diseases.
      A team at the University of Wisconsin said they made the so-called
induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, from human cells without using
viruses or exotic genes, which leave behind genetic material that might pose
risks if the cells were used as medical therapies.
      James Thomson of the University of Wisconsin, whose study appears in
the journal Science, said the finding represents the first time researchers
have made human induced pluripotent stem cells without inserting potentially
problematic new genes into their DNA.
      Many teams are working on better ways to get ordinary skin cells to
behave like embryonic stem cells, the body's master cells that give rise to
all 220 cell types in the human body.
      Scientists hope to harness the unique qualities of these cells to
create new treatments for a variety of medical conditions.
      Induced pluripotent stem cells promise many of the possible
therapeutic benefits of embryonic stem cells without the ethics controversy
because, unlike embryonic stem cells, they can be created without destroying
a human embryo.
      But earlier methods of making the iPS cells required the use of
viruses as a vehicle, or "vector," to carry genes into the cells and trigger
cell reprogramming.
      Thomson said the new method uses a circle of DNA called a plasmid,
which carries the genes needed to transform a skin cell into an iPS cell.

No Harmful Genes
      Over time, the plasmid disappears naturally from the cell population,
avoiding the danger posed by using viruses, which can insert harmful genes
into the cells' genetic material.
      "That means they are less likely to form tumors, less likely to
destroy the function of some important gene," Thomson said in a telephone
interview.
      Other teams have used different methods to do the same sort of thing
in mouse cells, but not in human cells, said Jeremy Berg, director of the
National Institute of General Medical Sciences, part of the U.S. National
Institutes of Health.
      "What Dr. Thomson has done for the first time in human iPS cells is
created methods which don't involve inserting DNA into the host genome at
all -- using plasmids which go into the cells but never get incorporated
into the DNA," Berg said in a telephone interview.
      Ultimately, Thomson thinks there will be several methods for creating
iPS cells, and then scientists will start looking for the ones that produce
the most consistent results.
      Thomson said President Barack Obama's move earlier this month to lift
Bush administration restrictions on federal funding of human embryonic stem
cell research will make it easier to test the effectiveness of new iPS
cells.
      While they still hold promise for treatments, Thomson said some of the
first benefits of iPS cells will be in testing the effects of new drugs on
human tissue, rather than animals.

• • •

PUBLIC HEALTH

Vaccine Refusals Spur Outbreak Fears

       Maria Danilova from Associated Press. is.gd/phHP

       Kiev, Ukraine — A widespread scare about vaccine side effects in
Ukraine has led to a sharp drop in immunizations that could result in
disease outbreaks spreading beyond the former Soviet republic, international
and local health officials say.
      Hundreds of thousands of fearful Ukrainians have refused vaccines for
diseases such as diphtheria, mumps, polio, hepatitis B, tuberculosis,
whooping cough and others this year, according to official estimates.
Authorities have cancelled a UN-backed measles and rubella vaccination
campaign funded by U.S. philanthropist Ted Turner, and will have to collect
and incinerate nearly nine million unused doses in coming months.
      “I never thought I'd see the day where perfectly good vaccines are
being destroyed,” said Michael Bociurkiw, a spokesman for UNICEF.
      Around the world, health officials say they are struggling with the
repercussions of vaccine fears they call unwarranted and dangerous.
      In 2003, imams in northern Nigeria fomented a boycott of polio
vaccinations claiming they were a Western plot to make Muslims infertile or
infect them with HIV. Authorities in Indonesia are discussing a plan to end
childhood immunizations against a number of diseases out of fears that
foreign drug companies are using the country as a testing ground. A budding
movement of parents getting exemptions from pre-school vaccination laws is
seen as partly responsible for a spike in U.S. measles cases.
      Experts blame the Ukrainian scare on government mismanagement and
irresponsible media coverage of an anti-vaccination campaign launched after
the May death of a 17-year-old boy who had received a combined shot for
measles and rubella.
      Activists including members of the homeopathic and alternative healing
industries blamed his death on the vaccination. Ukrainian authorities said
they needed to investigate and halted the campaign to revaccinate nine
million Ukrainians aged 16-29 for measles — a leading cause of childhood
death — and rubella, which can cause serious birth defects.
+ Read more: is.gd/phHP

• • •

Religious Sincerity Challenges on Long Island
Part 21 of the award-winning “Our Children’s Health” Series: Playing God

      By Robbie Woliver from longislandpress.com. is.gd/phNW

      Are you familiar with the Spanish Inquisition? You remember, that
ecclesiastical tribunal established in 1478, the one that accused, harassed,
challenged and tortured people it believed were heretics.
      If not, you might want to catch what is known as a “religious
sincerity hearing.” And if you want one close to home, try the Bayport-Blue
Point Union Free School District (BBP), and its “Grand Inquisitor” David M.
Cohen, BBP’s legal counsel.
      First, let’s play semantics.
      “It’s not really a hearing,” says The Grand Inquisitor. “It’s a
meeting."
      OK, then—at BBP, a “religious exemption meeting” appears to be a
sometimes very mean-spirited, frustrating and contentious gathering that is
meant to determine a parent’s religiously based and sincerely held belief
behind not wanting their child immunized. A growing number of parents are
against vaccinating their children for a variety of reasons, ranging from
religious tenets to the belief, by some, that vaccinations cause a variety
of health problems in children, especially autism.
      As the autism rates grow to epidemic proportion (it is now officially
1 in 150, although many believe it is higher) and many parents tie the onset
to inoculations, studies report that there is no connection between vaccines
and the rising disorder. But studies have been wrong before. And the medical
and pharmaceutical lobby, which sponsors most of these studies, is a monster
opponent to battle. Besides, tell that to parents like John Gilmore,
executive director of Autism United, whose now-9-year-old son Luke—who was a
typically developing child prior to receiving his 12-month
vaccination—became autistic immediately afterward. The Gilmores are not
alone.
      But it’s not about autism, it’s about the safety of vaccinations.
“Whether or not vaccines cause autism is still an ongoing unresolved issue,”
says Gilmore. “Regardless, we know for a fact that vaccines can cause a wide
variety of injuries. The government has even set up a vaccine injury
program. Parents have a right to be concerned."
+ Read more: is.gd/phNW

• • •

Tufts U. Puts Limit on Discussion 
of Conflicts of Interest

is.gd/piA7

      For the Tufts University medical school, one dose of Sen. Charles E.
Grassley is apparently enough.
      Tufts has scheduled a conference for May 13 on the subject of
conflicts of interest in medicine and research, and it invited Mr. Grassley,
a Republican of Iowa who has led a series of high-profile investigations
into the issue, to participate. Mr. Grassley then passed the invitation to
Paul D. Thacker, a staff member who has led the senator’s investigative
efforts.
      But when senior Tufts officials learned about the plan, they refused
to let other university administrators participate on the conference panel
alongside Mr. Thacker, The Boston Globe reported today. The invitation to
Mr. Thacker was then withdrawn by conference organizers.
+ Read more: is.gd/piA7

• • •

Psychiatrists Say No to Drug-Company Events at Their Annual Meeting

is.gd/piBw

      The American Psychiatric Association said yesterday that it would no
longer allow education seminars and meals sponsored by pharmaceutical
companies at its annual meeting. The move was made to reduce the potential
for financial conflicts of interest, Reuters reported.
      “There is a perception that accepting meals provided by pharmaceutical
companies may have a subtle influence on doctors’ prescribing habits,” said
James Scully, the association’s medical director, in a written statement.
The group also banned industry-sponsored education seminars for the same
reason.
      Pressure has been mounting from Congress and watchdog groups to reveal
those ties, as evidence has emerged from Emory, Stanford, and Harvard
Universities, among other institutions, that psychiatrists conducting drug
trials had received fees, in various forms, from the manufacturers of those
drugs. While there has been no evidence that the fees or ties caused
researchers to alter their results to make the drugs look better, the
potential for such problems has raised alarms. —Josh Fischman

• • •

TREATMENT

Approval Process Lowers The Number of Kids On Atypical Precriptions

      By Kris Hundley St. Petersburg Times. is.gd/pikc

      Nudged by public pressure, Florida health officials took a baby step
last year toward reining in the use of power¬ful antipsychotic drugs among
children: They began requiring that doctors get approval before giving these
drugs to kids under 6 on the Medicaid program.
      That simple step prompted a seismic change in doctors' prescribing
habits.
      The number of prescriptions of these potent drugs to kids in this age
group plummeted nearly 75 percent.
      Another dramatic change: Nearly 40 percent fewer doctors are even
bothering to write prescriptions for these drugs — including Risperdal,
Abilify, Seroquel and Zyprexa — apparently finding alternatives that require
less paperwork.
      David Cohen, a Florida International University professor who has long
questioned the rampant use of the new generation of antipsychotics among
kids, applauded the steep decline. He wonders why anyone prescribes these
drugs.
      "Viewing the increase over the past 10 years, I couldn't imagine that
many preschoolers needed the most powerful drugs available on the planet,"
he said. "I think the change is great, but is it enough?"
      The state's review process has hardly been draconian, with approval
going to nearly three out of four prescriptions submitted, mostly refills.
But once Medicaid decided to take a closer look at the off-label prescribing
of these drugs to preschoolers, about 200 physicians had this response:
Never mind.
+ Read more: is.gd/pikc

• • •

PEOPLE

North Texas Mom Says Son 'Recovered' 
>From Autism
Book Details Steps That Helped Her Son Overcome Austism Symptoms

is.gd/phqP

       It was devastating news for the Scott family. At 18 months of age,
their son, Roman was diagnosed with Autism. But his mother's love and
devotion brought about what the family calls an 'amazing' recovery and the
Scott's believe it can help other Autistic children.
      Looking and listening to Roman today, you might not believe the
Dallas-area seven-year-old was diagnosed with Autism. One of Roman's
favorite subjects in school is math, "Because I like to add, subtract and do
multiplication," he explained.
      By age two, Roman displayed at least 45 symptoms on the Autism
spectrum and was completely non-verbal. His mother, Elizabeth, recalls, "He
couldn't talk. He couldn't eat, because he was constantly choking on food.
He would run 60 laps a day; around our family room."
      Elizabeth took Roman to speech and occupational therapy, but said she
knew it wouldn't be enough. "So in addition I applied the techniques the
therapist taught me and developed my own in home therapy program that I call
'Skills and Drills'."
      The North Texas mother developed 78 'Skills and Drills', using her
background in elementary education. She worked with Roman 10 hours a day,
every day, for nearly three years. Elizabeth incorporated all 78 skills and
drills into everyday routines and said, "Each skill and drill was designed
to achieve a specific goal. And everything that he was afraid to do and
could not do, I had to encourage him to do and teach him to do."
      Destructive behavior by Roman would be redirected into learning
activities and meaningful play - like shooting hoops. Roman was also afraid
of rain, so his mother took him outside during storms and held him, until
his fear were overcome. To that end, Elizabeth wrote a book about her
methods, called "Raindrops on Roman." "I wrote this book to share my
information to possibly help others overcome Autism," she said.
      Elizabeth stresses that parents of Autistic children need to be
committed to what she calls a "CRS" plan, which stands for consistency,
repetition and structure. "Consistency - meaning every day. Repetitive -
repeat the skill over and over again, until mastered and it needs to be done
in a structured or familiar environment such as a home or pre-school," she
explained.
      While praising Elizabeth's dedication and success, Dr. Carolyn Garver,
from the Autism Treatment Centers of Texas, cautions that recovery from
Autism is rare and means different things to different people. "She did
something very unique, worked really hard and it paid off for her." But,
Garver adds, "I really haven't encountered that many people who've been
recovered. I can't say that it can't happen."
+ Read more: is.gd/phqP

• • •

MEDIA

Olmsted on Autism One Radio: Somali's Tell Their Story -- And Blast The NYT

       From Dan Olmsted: This week I interviewed several people involved in
uncovering the cluster of autism cases in the Somali immigrant community in
Minneapolis, for Autism One radio. We discussed their courageous efforts,
along with the recent New York Times story that portrayed them as poor and
poorly informed -- easy prey for anti-vaccine zealots. But as you will hear,
they are plenty capable of thinking for themselves. I'm proud to say they
will join us on a panel at Autism One in May. We will stand with them no
matter what nonsense the mainstream media and public health officials cook
up to counter the truth.
+ Listen Here:  tinyurl.com/cn5yfm

• • •

EVENTS

"Open Your Eyes To Autism" – UK Rally

is.gd/phKP

      An all inclusive event which will take place on Saturday 28th March,
five days prior to World Autism Awareness Day on Thursday April 2nd 2009
      Hundreds of parents are poised to march on Downing Street to raise
awareness of the "hidden epidemic," - autism.
       Its Focus is to promote further awareness of Autism today, both here
in the UK and in the rest of the world.
      All persons, parents, relatives, friends, groups and organisations who
work for and/or support Autism Spectrum Disorders are welcome.
      Awareness has to include the many different traits and belief systems
associated with them.
      It is our intention to be host to them all. We all want to bring
attention to the same thing, Autism
      Rally together to promote awareness in an effort for some real changes
and advances for those affected.
      For more information visit www.openyoureyestoautism.com
<http://www.openyoureyestoautism.com/>  or Contact:
info at openyoureyestoautism.com

• • •

World Autism Awareness Day April 2

      On April 2 a number of autism organizations are planning awareness
raising activities in their respective countries.  For a list of events,
mostly outside the United States, go here: is.gd/oV2m 
      For a complete list of events within the United States for the whole
Autism Awareness month of April and beyond, see the Autism Calendar
www.sarnet.org/events/

• • •

COMMENTARY

Autism, Love, and Revolution

      By Amanda Copeland on huffingtonpost.com
is.gd/pipq

      Welcome to the journey of autism: the journey of my life as a mother,
as a filmmaker. I once had a daughter who was perfectly formed, with a
smoothly functioning nervous and immune system, and then autism became my
life's journey. Autism, love, and now, revolution.
      Lila was born in January of 2002, 11 pounds of beautiful bouncing
baby. Somehow my doctors didn't realize how enormous she was while she was
still in my belly, and I pushed for several futile hours before she was
taken out by emergency c-section. She had a bubbly hematoma on her crown
from the pushing, but her APGARS all rode high and she ate like a prize
fighter despite what the nurses laughingly called my "white girl nipples".
That first night in the hospital there was a full moon flooding our tiny
room with brilliant sparkling light. I watched my baby sleeping peacefully
on my chest and ignored the nurse's urgings to lay her down in the crib.
      I was in awe. When my daughter let out her first cry in that operating
room I experienced a spontaneous healing from every perceived let-down I had
known from my parents. I realized in the passing of a moment who they had
both been, and what limited tools they had possessed to do this
mind-bogglingly important job of raising a child. From the moment she was
conceived my daughter held supernatural powers of this type. She made love
and forgiveness happen spontaneously. The miraculous was all around us.
      When Lila was 4 months old and turning over on her belly, eyes alert,
we moved into a darling little craftsman cottage in east Culver City. It had
been built and painted in 1926. We and our two devoted dogs were pleased to
settle in there and I set up my photography studio across the street at the
Helms Bakery. As a single mother I worked 16 hours a day, but we made it,
and I was simply besmirched with a love I had never known for this
enchanting, gorgeous little girl who had blessed me with her coming.
      At a year, Lila walked. Within a month she started speaking in both
English and Spanish, the latter being the primary language I spoke to her
from birth. Her body moved smoothly through space and she looked at faces
and new experiences with wide curious eyes of love. Near the same time, she
started to exhibit signs of a gastrointestinal disorder. Explosive and
acidic diarrhea began to dominate our daily lives and her stomach distended
like a famine victim's. The visit to the pediatrician revealed nothing. The
rice and oats I was told to feed her did nothing to end the scourge of hot
liquid running through her gut and ruining all her clothes, car seat, toys,
whatever happened to be in the way.
+ Read more: is.gd/pipq

      Note: The opinions expressed in COMMENTARY are those of the author and
do not necessarily represent the views of the Schafer Autism Report.

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